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On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations
1Department of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
2Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Uminova Science Park, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
3Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract. The topographic wetness index (TWI, ln(a/tanβ)), which combines local upslope contributing area and slope, is commonly used to quantify topographic control on hydrological processes. Methods of computing this index differ primarily in the way the upslope contributing area is calculated. In this study we compared a number of calculation methods for TWI and evaluated them in terms of their correlation with the following measured variables: vascular plant species richness, soil pH, groundwater level, soil moisture, and a constructed wetness degree. The TWI was calculated by varying six parameters affecting the distribution of accumulated area among downslope cells and by varying the way the slope was calculated. All possible combinations of these parameters were calculated for two separate boreal forest sites in northern Sweden. We did not find a calculation method that performed best for all measured variables, but we were able to identify the general characteristics of the best methods for different groups of measured variables. The results provide guidelines for choosing the best method for estimating species richness, soil pH, groundwater level, and soil moisture by the TWI derived from digital elevation models.
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Citation: Sørensen, R., Zinko, U., and Seibert, J.: On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 2, 1807-1834, 2005. Bibtex EndNote Reference Manager
