the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Comparison of monsoon variations over groundwater hydrochemistry changes in small Tropical Island and its repercussion on quality
Abstract. Study on the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater hydrochemistry in the small tropical islands is important as their insular character may expose the groundwater aquifer to too many sources of pollution, especially salinization. A total of 216 groundwater samples were collected from the monitoring boreholes during two different monsoon seasons; pre- and post-monsoon. As overall, data of groundwater concentration illustrated a trend of Ca > Na > Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 dominations with the major finding of two different groundwater types. Pre-monsoon reported Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types while post-monsoon were only dominated by the Ca-HCO3 type. The statistical analysis shows the in situ parameters (Temp, pH, EC, Salinity, DO, TDS and Eh) and major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl and SO4) were strongly correlated with the monsoon changes (p < 0.01). From the analysis, its reveals that the seasonal changes have significantly affects the groundwater composition. While, the analytical calculations of the ionic ratio (Na vs. Cl; Cl/HCO3 vs. Cl; Ca + Mg vs. SO4 + HCO3) describes the groundwater is influenced by the cation exchanges processes, simple mixing and water–rock interaction. Saturation indices of carbonate minerals shows strong correlationship (p < 0.01) with Ca constituent indicating solubility on minerals, which led to dissolution or precipitation condition of water. Results of present study contribute to a better understanding of a complex groundwater system and the hydrochemical processes related.
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RC C2974: 'Referee's comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Aug 2014
- AC C4176: 'Answers for referee 1', Noorain Mohd Isa, 02 Oct 2014
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RC C3062: 'Manuscript review', Anonymous Referee #2, 12 Aug 2014
- AC C4200: 'Answers for referee 2', Noorain Mohd Isa, 02 Oct 2014
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RC C2974: 'Referee's comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Aug 2014
- AC C4176: 'Answers for referee 1', Noorain Mohd Isa, 02 Oct 2014
-
RC C3062: 'Manuscript review', Anonymous Referee #2, 12 Aug 2014
- AC C4200: 'Answers for referee 2', Noorain Mohd Isa, 02 Oct 2014
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Cited
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Groundwater hydrodynamics of an Eastern Africa coastal aquifer, including La Niña 2016–17 drought N. Ferrer et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.198
- Climate variability and changes in shallow groundwater quality on Indonesia’s small tropical island D. Marganingrum et al. 10.1007/s40899-023-00857-8
- Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Karst Groundwater Chemistry and Water Quality Assessment in the Northern Part of the Baiquan Spring Area . Zhang Hongyun et al. 10.3103/S1063455X24010119
- Applying the scores of multivariate statistical analyses to characterize the relationships between the hydrochemical properties and groundwater conditions in respect of the monsoon variation in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia N. Isa et al. 10.1007/s12665-017-6487-y